Mucosal vaccination against diphtheria using starch microparticles as adjuvant for cross-reacting material (CRM197) of diphtheria toxin.

Mucosal vaccination has the advantage of eliciting a local mucosal immune response as well as a systemic response. In this investigation, polyacryl starch microparticles were conjugated to diphtheria toxin cross-reacting material (CRM197) as a mucosal adjuvant for oral or intranasal immunisation of mice. Various methods of stabilising CRM197 with formaldehyde were investigated. A good systemic and local mucosal immune response was attained with oral immunisation when CRM197 was treated with a relatively low formaldehyde concentration prior to conjugation to the microparticles. No immune response was seen after intranasal immunisation.